Barreras para una alimentación saludable: un análisis cualitativo de las semánticas emergentes en las comunidades escolares de Ciudad Sur

La literatura ha hecho hincapié en la centralidad que cumplen los entornos alimentarios en las elecciones alimentarias y en el estado nutricional de la población. Objetivo: identificar las percepciones de padres, madres y apoderados, profesionales de establecimientos educacionales, funcionarios municipales, y feriantes pertenecientes a la zona sur de Santiago de Chile, respecto a las barreras y limitaciones de la puesta en práctica de una alimentación saludable en el ambiente alimentario escolar. Método: se realizaron seis grupos focales agrupando a 50 actores claves vinculados a los establecimientos educacionales de Ciudad Sur utilizando una muestra no probabilística. Se aplicó un análisis de contenido mediante la técnica de codificación temática buscando relevar los universos semánticos emergentes. Resultados: se identificaron nueve barreras, o semánticas, que caracterizan limitantes a la realización de la alimentación saludable en los entornos escolares desde la perspectiva de los participantes: la familia, kioscos escolares, la salida de los establecimientos escolares, gusto, determinantes socioeconómicos, política pública, falta de conocimiento, publicidad y disponibilidad de productos sin sellos. Conclusiones: las limitaciones asociadas al ambiente alimentario doméstico tienen una representación significativamente alta (47,9%) y contienen un carácter de responsabilización individual en su enunciación. Esta cultura explicativa es opuesta a la evidencia científica y académica respecto al funcionamiento de la conducta alimentaria, y a la centralidad de los ambientes alimentarios respecto a la facilitación u obstaculización del consumo de alimentos saludables o adecuados.

Literature has emphasized on food environments centrality in food choices and nutritional status. Objective: identify social perceptions of fathers, mothers and guardians, professionals from educational establishments, municipal officials, and stallholders belonging to the southern area of Santiago de Chile, regarding limitations of healthy diet implementation on school environments. Method: six focus groups were carried out grouping 50 key actors linked to educational establishments using a non-probabilistic sample. A content analysis was applied through thematic coding technique seeking to reveal emerging semantic universes. Results: Nine barriers, or semantics, were identified characterizing limitations to healthy eating habits in school environments: family, school kiosks, leaving school establishments, taste, socioeconomic determinants, public policy, lack of knowledge, publicity, and availability of products without seals. Conclusions: limitations associated with domestic food environment have a significantly high representation (47,9%) and contain an individualized responsibility feature. This explanatory culture is opposed to scientific and academic evidence regarding the functioning of eating behavior, and the centrality of food environments facilitating or hindering healthy food consumption.

Responsabilidad personal con la salud en Cuba: mapeo y juego de actores para su fomento

Fundamento: para que cualquier meta de salud sea alcanzada es necesario involucrar a múltiples actores sociales cuya participación intersectorial condiciona la materialización de las políticas públicas sanitarias. Objetivo: aportar al sector salud herramientas de decisión suficientes para que ponga en práctica una política de alianzas intersectoriales para el fomento de la responsabilidad personal con la salud de la población cubana en un horizonte temporal hasta el 2030. Métodos: estudio de prospectiva estratégica desde enero 2018 a marzo 2020. Se empleó el método Matriz de Alianzas y Conflictos: tácticas, objetivos, recomendaciones, con la participación de 12 expertos. Resultados: se identificaron 25 actores que conformaron 10 grupos. El actor con mayor poder son los ciudadanos; mientras, el objetivo estratégico con mayor movilización es trascender el paradigma paternalista de la práctica salubrista en Cuba. Se demostró la posibilidad de trabajar de forma intersectorial para desarrollar alianzas duraderas entre todos los actores involucrados y que de existir contradicciones estas no tendrán carácter antagónico. Al contrario, pueden comportarse como elementos generadores de soluciones innovadoras para el desarrollo futuro. Conclusiones: el mapeo y análisis del juego de actores permitió evidenciar las posibilidades de alianzas entre los actores sociales y el alineamiento estratégico de estos con los objetivos estratégicos formulados. Se recomienda monitorear la evolución de esta situación durante el horizonte temporal previsto con el objetivo de reevaluar el sistema y reducir la incertidumbre ante un entorno cambiante.

Foundation: for any health goal to be achieved, it is necessary to involve multiple social actors whose intersectoral participation conditions the materialization of public health policies. Objective: provide the health sector with sufficient decision tools to implement a policy of intersectoral alliances to promote personal responsibility with the health of the Cuban population in a time horizon until 2030. Methods: strategic prospective study since January 2018 to March 2020. The Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts method was used: tactics, objectives, recommendations, with the participation of 12 experts. Results: 25 actors who formed 10 groups were identified. The actor with the greatest power are the citizens; Meanwhile, the strategic objective with the greatest mobilization is to transcend the paternalistic paradigm of health care practice in Cuba. The possibility of working intersectorally to develop lasting alliances between all the actors involved was demonstrated and that if there are contradictions these will not have an antagonistic nature. On the contrary, they can behave as elements that generate innovative solutions for future development. Conclusions: the mapping and analysis of the set of actors made it possible to demonstrate the possibilities of alliances between social actors and their strategic alignment with the formulated strategic objectives. It is recommended to monitor the evolution of this situation during the planned time horizon with the aim of reevaluating the system and reducing uncertainty in the face of a changing environment.

Percepção do enfermeiro que atua no samu sobre a transferência de cuidado de pacientes / Perception of nurses working in SAMU regarding the transfer of patient care

Objetivo: compreender a percepção do enfermeiro que atua no serviço deatendimento móvel de urgência sobre a transferência de cuidados de pacientes no seu cotidiano de trabalho. Método: pesquisa de campo de natureza qualitativa. Resultados: após as análises das entrevistas emergiram as categorias: Concepção de transferência de cuidados pelos enfermeiros do atendimento pré-hospitalar; O processo de comunicação envolvido na transferência de cuidados no atendimento pré-hospitalar; A visão dos enfermeiros sobre trabalho em equipe na transferência de cuidados no atendimento pré-hospitalar; Avanços e desafios na transferência de cuidados no atendimento pré-hospitalar. Conclusão: A transferência de cuidados, compreendida pelos participantes é percebida nas condutas: trabalho em equipe, comunicação efetiva e cuidado centrado na pessoa. Os entrevistados apresentaram que a troca de informações entre os profissionais do serviço é um momento essencial para a transferência de cuidados para garantir a qualidade e a continuidade da assistência.(AU)

The aim of this study was to understand the perception of nurses working in the mobile emergency care service about the transfer of patient care in their day-to-day work. Method: qualitative field research. Results: After analyzing the interviews, the following categories emerged: Pre-hospital care nurses' concept of transfer of care; The communication process involved in the transfer of care in pre-hospital care; Nurses' view of teamwork in the transfer of care in pre-hospital care; Advances and challenges in the transfer of care in pre-hospital care. Conclusion: The transfer of care, as understood by the participants, is seen in the following behaviors: teamwork, effective communication and person-centered care. The interviewees felt that the exchange of information between service professionals is essential for the transfer of care in order to guarantee the quality and continuity of care. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la percepción de las enfermeras que trabajan en el servicio móvil de atención de urgências de urgencias móviles sobre la transferencia de cuidados a los pacientes en su trabajo diario. Método: investigación cualitativa de campo. Resultados: Tras el análisis de las entrevistas, surgieron las siguientes categorías: Concepto de los enfermeros de atención prehospitalaria sobre la transferencia de cuidados; Proceso de comunicación implicado en la transferencia de cuidados en la atención prehospitalaria; Visión de los enfermeros sobre el trabajo en equipo en la transferencia de cuidados en la atención prehospitalaria; Avances y retos en la transferencia de cuidados en la atención prehospitalaria. Conclusión: La transferencia de cuidados, tal como la entienden los participantes, se manifiesta en los siguientes comportamientos: trabajo en equipo, comunicación eficaz y cuidados centrados en la persona. Los entrevistados afirmaron que el intercambio de información entre los profesionales del servicio es un momento esencial para que la transferencia de cuidados garantice la calidad y la continuidad de la atención.(AU)

Estrategia educativa para contribuir al desarrollo de una sexualidad sana y responsable en estudiantes de Medicina

El actual resultado constituye una salida del proyecto de investigación perfeccionamiento de la formación socio-humanista en la educación médica superior, que gestiona el Centro de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud, adscrito a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. El universo estuvo constituido por los estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Medicina, de los que se seleccionó el grupo I. La muestra quedó constituida por 55 estudiantes. Predominaron los jóvenes del sexo femenino y el grupo de edad entre los 17 y 19 años. El estudio inicial consistió en la revisión de la bibliografía y la aplicación de la encuesta para medir el nivel de conocimiento que los jóvenes poseían sobre la sexualidad. Los resultados demostraron las insuficiencias que existían al respecto. La estrategia educativa se elaboró con el objetivo de contribuir al logro de una sexualidad sana y responsable en los estudiantes y la misma se llevó a la práctica desde septiembre 2020 a junio del 2021.

ABTRACT The current result constitutes a departure from the research project for the improvement of socio-humanist training in higher medical education, managed by the Center for the Development of Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health, attached to the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey. The universe was made up of first-year students of the Medicine career, from which group I was selected. The sample was made up of 55 students. Young females and the age group between 17 and 19 years predominated. The initial study consisted of a review of the bibliography and the application of the survey to measure the level of knowledge that young people had about sexuality. The results demonstrated the insufficiencies that existed in this regard. The educational strategy was developed with the objective of contributing to the achievement of a healthy and responsible sexuality in students and it was put into practice from september 2020 to june 2021.

Trampas al recuerdo, olvidos inducidos y memorias sesgadas. Representaciones sociales de hechos históricos

Las representaciones sociales en torno a los hechos históricos del conflicto armado, están marcada por un sesgo cognitivo y mnémico, acompañado de olvidos y silencios y por procesos de atribución de responsabilidad en los que se asume como principal responsable y enemigo absoluto a las guerrillas, especialmente a las FARC-EP. Esto invisibiliza la responsabilidad de los otros actores (Paramilitares, Fuerza Pública y Estado), generando olvidos convenientes e inducidos que son funcionales a los intereses de ciertos sectores sociales que ostentan el poder político, económico y mediático, que promueven impunidad y contribuyen al mantenimiento de la violencia política para detentar su poder. Estos procesos de memoria hegemónica se constituyen en barrera psicosocial para la construcción de la paz, la democracia y la reconciliación en Colombia.

Social representations around the historical facts of the armed conflict are marked by a cognitive and mnemic bias, accompanied by forgetfulness and silences, and by processes of attribution of responsibility in which the guerrillas, especially the FARC-EP, are assumed as the main responsible and absolute enemy. This makes the responsibility of the other stakeholders (paramilitaries, security forces, and the State) invisible, by generating a convenient and induced oblivion, which is functional to the interests of certain social sectors that hold political, economic, and media power, which promote impunity and contribute to the maintenance of political violence in order to maintain their power. These hegemonic memory processes constitute a psychosocial barrier to the construction of peace, democracy, and reconciliation in Colombia.

Salud, complejidad y enfermedades no transmisibles

La ciencia y la producción del saber científico están cambiando, las partes no son el objetivo, es el todo y sus interrelaciones. La salud enfrenta nuevos retos que no pueden ser explicados por concepciones reduccionistas. Se reconoce el intento de agrupar variadas afecciones en las enfermedades no transmisibles que ocasionan las tres cuartas partes de las muertes en el mundo y en Cuba, constituyen uno de los grandes retos del desarrollo sostenible. Muchas de ellas, a pesar de su heterogeneidad y multicausalidad, comparten factores de riesgo -y protectores- comunes, que pueden ser revertidos con acciones integradas. Se comenta la frecuente comorbilidad de estas enfermedades con otras entidades, la polimorbilidad y el rol del envejecimiento en su aparición. Se resalta la presencia del estado inflamatorio crónico del endotelio y la disfunción de este órgano como posible vía final común de la patogenia, evolución y posterior expresión clínica de muchas de las conocidas como enfermedades no transmisibles, verdaderos síndromes sistémicos. Se dan un grupo de recomendaciones para mejorar su prevención y su control, con énfasis en la participación comunitaria, donde las ciencias sociales pueden aportar mucho para lograr mejores resultados, sin olvidar la susceptibilidad individual o de grupos a padecer determinadas enfermedades no transmisibles. Se considera que directivos, profesionales sanitarios, líderes formales e informales, personas, grupos y comunidades, deben capacitarse y actualizarse, en los conceptos y los enfoques de estas enfermedades para lograr el propósito de revertir sus efectos nocivos para la salud.

Science and the production of scientific knowledge are changing, the parts are not the objective, it is the whole and its interrelationships. Health faces new challenges that cannot be explained by reductionist conceptions. The attempt to group various conditions in non-communicable diseases that cause three quarters of deaths in the world and in Cuba is recognized as one of the great challenges of sustainable development. Many of them, despite their heterogeneity and multi-causality, share common risk -and protective- factors, which can be reversed with integrated actions. The frequent comorbidity of these diseases with other entities, polymorbidity, and the role of aging in their appearance are discussed. The presence of the chronic inflammatory state of the endothelium and the dysfunction of this organ are highlighted as a possible final common path of the pathogenesis, evolution and subsequent clinical expression of many of the so-called non-communicable diseases, true systemic syndromes. A group of recommendations are given to improve its prevention and control, with emphasis on the community participation of all, where the social sciences can contribute a lot to achieve better results, without forgetting individual or group susceptibility to suffering certain non-communicable diseases. It is considered that managers, health professionals, formal and informal leaders, people, groups and communities must be trained and updated in concepts and approaches to these diseases to achieve their purposes.

Responsabilidad social universitaria en Latinoamérica: Revisión sistemática

Introducción : La responsabilidad social universitaria está presente en los discursos de los académicos, mas no logra permear en las acciones, que conlleven a la transformación de la universidad, por lo que es necesario un cambio de paradigma. En la actualidad, existen confusiones conceptuales que hacen muy difícil su promoción y práctica transformadora; en muchas universidades, se la confunde con proyección social, lo cual reduce su dimensión transversal. Objetivo : Analizar la evidencia científica relacionada con la responsabilidad social universitaria en Latinoamérica. Métodos : Revisión sistemática de la literatura; entre los meses de agosto a diciembre de 2021, se realizó la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos: Scopus, Scielo, Doaj, Lilacs Y Redalyc; se aplicó el uso de los descriptores en ciencias de la salud (DECS) y la combinación de los operadores booleanos OR y AND. Se consideraron textos completos en español, entre los años 2015 a 2021. Resultados : Se obtuvo 508 artículos, los cuales fueron sometidos a la metodología prisma y se seleccionaron 20 artículos, agrupados en cuatro categorías, según el manual de responsabilidad social del modelo ÚRSUla: gestión, formación, cognitivo, y participación social. Conclusión : La RSU es un compromiso moral irrenunciable, es importante en la gestión universitaria para promover el desarrollo sostenible, con ética y respeto de los derechos humanos, es necesario la participación de actores comprometidos y se debe considerar que, actualmente, tiene un enfoque asistencialista y reduccionista, escaso apoyo, socialización e implementación y falta unificar criterios en su conceptualización.

Introduction: University social responsibility is present in the discourses of academics, but it fails to permeate the actions that lead to the transformation of the university, requiring a paradigm shift. At present there are conceptual confusions that make its promotion and transformative practice very difficult, in many universities it is confused with social projection, which reduces its transversal dimension. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence related to university social responsibility in latin america. Methods: Systematic review of the literature, between the months of August to December 2021; the search for articles was carried out in the databases: Scopus, Scielo, Doaj, Lilacs and Redalyc; the use of Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) and the combination of the Boolean operators OR and AND were applied. Full texts in Spanish between the years 2015 and 2021 were considered. Results: 508 articles were obtained, which were submitted to the PRISMA methodology, selecting 20 articles, grouped into four categories according to the Social Responsibility Manual of the Úrsula Model: management, training, cognitive, and social participation. Conclusions: USR is an inalienable moral commitment, it is important in university management to promote sustainable development, with ethics and respect for human rights, the participation of committed actors is necessary, considering that it currently has a welfare and reductionist approach, scarce support, socialization and implementation and there is a need to unify criteria.

A qualitative research on the responsibility understanding and difficult experience of respiratory nurses in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the responsibilities of respiratory nurses in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient and the difficulties in disease management, so as to provide reference basis for formulating COPD management training strategies for respiratory nurses.Methods:Using phenomenological methodology, 14 nurses from the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University and the First People′s Hospital of Yinchuan were interviewed in a personal semi-structured way from May to August 2021, and the data were sorted and analyzed according to Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results:Nurses′understanding of the responsibilities of COPD patient management could be summarized into five themes: dynamic monitoring and management of patients′ health, nursing decision-making of sudden changes in patients′ condition, implementation of patients′ out of hospital follow-up, promotion of improvement of patients′ self-management behavior, and cooperation among multidisciplinary team members. The difficult experience of nurses in the management of COPD patients abstracted five themes: lack of professional knowledge of COPD management, lack of clinical nursing decision-making authority, lack of human and financial support for follow-up, lack of communication skills with patients, and lack of multidisciplinary team formation in the hospital.Conclusions:Respiratory nurses have a clear understanding of the responsibilities of COPD patient management, but there are multiple difficulties in performing their responsibilities. We should pay attention to the responsibility positioning and difficulty support of nurses′ COPD management, and formulate targeted training strategies to promote the improvement of COPD nursing quality.

La expresión plástica como fortaleza de la pedagogía social en menores con trastornos de conducta / Plastic expression as strength of social pedagogy in adolescents with behavior disorders

Introducción: la pedagogía social es una oportunidad de abrir el pensamiento y las prácticas educativas a horizontes y destinos alternativos para la sociedad. Objetivo: describir una experiencia educativa relacionada con la expresión plástica como fortaleza de la pedagogía social en menores con trastornos de conducta. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el contenido del artículo en las bases de datos SciELO, Google Académico y en textos impresos, entre octubre 2021-enero 2022; las palabras claves fueron: pedagogía social, educación artística, artes plásticas, trastornos de conducta. Se seleccionaron 20 textos: diez artículos de revistas extranjeras y cubanas, dos libros clásicos, tres documentos normativos, cuatro tesis, y el diccionario de pensamientos martianos compilados por Valdés Galarraga. Resultados: se analizaron aspectos relacionados con la pedagogía social como ciencia, la educación artística y su impronta en la pedagogía social, la expresión plástica como actividad educativa, el taller de expresión plástica: generador de educación y cultura, y como fortaleza para una educación social; por último, se describe la experiencia de la aplicación de varios de esos talleres, según sus etapas de realización. Conclusiones: la expresión plástica se posiciona como fortaleza de la pedagogía social porque su aplicación en la reducación de menores con trastornos de la conducta significó un logro, ya que modificaron sus modos de actuación de forma positiva, según se constató en la experiencia descrita; además se demostró la necesidad de establecer un sistema articulado de trabajo educativo desde la escuela, como el que se presenta.

Introduction: social pedagogy is an opportunity to open thought and educational practices to alternative horizons and destinations for society. Objective: to describe an educational experience related to plastic expression as strength of social pedagogy in adolescents with behavior disorders. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out on the content of the article in the SciELO, Google Scholar databases and in printed texts, from October 2021 to January 2022; the keywords were: social pedagogy, artistic education, plastic arts, behavior disorders. Twenty texts were selected: ten articles from foreign and Cuban magazines, two classic books on pedagogy, three normative documents, three doctoral theses and one master's theses, and the dictionary of Marti's thoughts compiled by Ramiro Valdés Galarraga. Results: aspects related to social pedagogy as a science, artistic education and its imprint on social pedagogy, plastic expression as an educational activity, plastic expression workshop: generator of education and culture, and as a strength for social education were analyzed. Based on participation and opportunities for all; and finally, the experience of the application of several of these workshops is described, according to their stages of implementation. Conclusions: the plastic expression is positioned as strength of social pedagogy because its application in the reduction of adolescents with behavior disorders meant an achievement, since they modified their modes of action in a positive way, as verified in the described experience; In addition, the need to establish an articulated system of educational work from the school, such as the one presented, was demonstrated.

Auxiliar o compartir. Un análisis sobre las prácticas de cuidado de jóvenes padres de un barrio popular platense / Ajude ou compartilhe. Análise das práticas de cuidado de jovens país em um bairro popular de La Plata / Help or share. An analysis on the care practices of young parents in a popular neighborhood of La Plata

Resumen En el marco de una investigación doctoral que abordó las experiencias de paternidades juveniles, el presente artículo analiza las prácticas de cuidado de jóvenes padres de un barrio popular a partir de dos modelos de cuidado construidos (modelo auxiliar y modelo compartido). Las entrevistas fueron realizadas a cuarenta jóvenes varones padres residentes de un barrio popular de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) durante el período 2013-2015 en base a una muestra intencional seleccionada por bola de nieve, a partir de los criterios de accesibilidad y heterogeneidad. Aunque es posible encontrar mayor involucramiento de los jóvenes en el cuidado, las responsables últimas en ambos modelos de cuidado son las mujeres (especialmente las parejas, pero también suegras, hermanas, vecinas de los jóvenes). Los jóvenes entrevistados cuidan más, pero no logran romper con la división sexual del trabajo clásica y descentrar a las mujeres como cuidadoras principales o expertas.

Resumo No âmbito de uma pesquisa de doutorado que abordou as experiências de paternidade de homens jovens, este artigo analisa as práticas de cuidado de jovens país en um bairro popular a partir de dois modelos de cuidado construídos (modelo auxiliar e modelo compartilhado). As entrevistas foram realizadas com quarenta homens jovens residentes em um bairro popular de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) durante o período 2013-2015 com base em uma amostra intencional selecionada por bola de neve com base nos critérios de acessibilidade e heterogeneidade. Embora seja possível encontrar um maior envolvimento dos jovens no cuidado, os responsáveis últimos nos dois modelos de cuidado são as mulheres (principalmente casais, mas também sogras, irmãs e vizinhos dos jovens). Os jovens entrevistados são mais cuidadosos, mas não conseguem romper com a clássica divisão sexual do trabalho e descentralizar as mulheres como cuidadoras principais ou especializadas.

Abstract In the framework of a doctoral research that addressed the fatherhood experiences of young men, this article analyzes the care practices of young fathers in a popular neighborhood based on two constructed care models (auxiliary model and shared model). The interviews were conducted with forty young male parents residing in a popular neighborhood of La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) during the period 2013-2015 based on an intentional sample selected by snowball, based on the criteria of accessibility and heterogeneity. Although it is possible to find greater involvement of young men in care, the ultimate responsible in both models of care are women (mainly couples, but also mothers-in-law, sisters and neighbors of young men). The young people interviewed care more, but they are unable to break with the classic sexual division of labor and decentralize women as main or expert caregivers.

Sponsorship of the LGBT parade by the tobacco industry and promotion of its heated tobacco product from the perspective of critical discourse analysis / Patrocínio da parada LGBT pela indústria tabagista e promoção de seu produto de tabaco aquecido sob a ótica da análise crítica do discurso

Abstract Brazil has advanced in tobacco control actions, with a significant decline in the prevalence of tobacco use. However, it is essential to identify more vulnerable populations, such as LGBT persons. This study aimed to analyze the discursive production sustaining the search for support and penetration of the tobacco industry among the LGBT population, taking the sponsorship of Philip Morris Brasil to the LGBT parade in São Paulo in 2019. We employed the critical discourse analysis of a report published on a blog. The analysis of the piece points to the use of vocabularies such as diversity, inclusion, modernity, and innovation, which concern the LGBT cause and the launch of its new product. The text conveys a high commitment and a courteous tone, using discursive resources that associate the company with technical and behavioral innovation ideas. It communicates intertextually with regulatory bodies about introducing its new product in the Brazilian market (prohibited in Brazil). It uses different ideological operators, such as the euphemism of the smokeless or smoke-free future. The work shows a tobacco industry strategy to promote its heated product while supporting LGBT cause and promoting a positive corporate image.

Resumo O Brasil tem avançado em ações de controle do tabaco, resultando em grande declínio da prevalência de tabagismo. Entretanto, é fundamental identificar populações mais vulneráveis, como as pessoas LGBT. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a produção discursiva que sustenta a busca de apoio e penetração da indústria tabageira junto à população LGBT, tomando o caso do patrocínio da Philip Morris Brasil à parada LGBT em São Paulo em 2019. A metodologia utilizada foi análise de discurso Crítica de notícia publicada em um blog. A análise da peça aponta para utilização de vocabulários como diversidade, inclusão, modernidade e inovação, que dizem respeito à causa LGBT e ao lançamento de novo produto. O texto traz alto grau de comprometimento e tom cortês, fazendo uso de recursos discursivos que associam a empresa às ideias de inovação técnica e comportamental. Comunica intertextualmente com órgãos regulatórios acerca da entrada no mercado brasileiro de seu novo produto (proibido no Brasil). Faz uso de diferentes operadores ideológicos, como o eufemismo do futuro sem fumaça ou futuro livre de fumaça. O trabalho apresenta uma estratégia da indústria do tabaco para promover seu produto de tabaco aquecido enquanto apoia a causa LGBT e promove imagem corporativa positiva.

Criminological Characteristics and Criminal Responsibility Capacity of Offenders with Alcoholism / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo analyze the criminal behavior characteristics of alcohol-related crime offenders and explore the relationship between criminal behavior characteristics and criminal responsibility capacity. MethodsBasic information， alcohol use information， psychiatric symptoms before and after the crime， criminological behavioral characteristics and conclusion of judicial evaluation were collected. ResultsThe drinking history of the chronic alcoholism group 25.0 （13.3~30.0） years was significantly longer than that of the acute alcoholism group 1.2 （0~14.3） years. In the chronic alcoholism group， 85.0% drank alcohol at least once a day， 52.5% had morning or bedtime drinking habits， and 92.5% drank mainly alone. Violent crimes accounted for 57.6%. Delirium existed in 52.5% of the chronic alcoholics' mental state at the time of the crime， and 84.6% of the acute alcoholics' mental state was hazy. In the chronic alcoholism group， 42.5% committed the crime with pathological motive， and in the acute alcoholism group， 69.2% committed the crime with realistic motive. Acute alcoholism group 96.2% were assessed as complete criminal responsibility capacity， and chronic alcoholism group 50.0% were assessed as complete criminal responsibility capacity. ConclusionCompared with acute alcoholism offenders， chronic alcoholics had a longer drinking duration， more frequency drinking， and obvious morning drinking or bedtime drinking habits. The nature of alcoholism crime cases was mostly violent. Compared with the chronic alcoholism group， the acute alcoholism group had highly selective motives for committing crimes and were mostly rated as complete criminally responsibility.

Study on Strategies to Deal with Ethical Dilemmas in Public Health Emergencies / 中国医学伦理学

Public health emergencies not only bring great challenges to the conventional public health system, but also face some ethical dilemmas in the governance process. For example, the compulsory isolation measures affect the normal lives of some citizens, the normal medical treatment of non-epidemic patients may be constrained by complex governance environments, and the relationship between patient privacy protection and the public’s right to know needs to be deeply considered and balanced. To respond the ethical dilemmas in public health emergencies, it is necessary to explore more effective new ideas and methods under ethical concepts, combine with ethical needs in the governance of public health emergencies, comprehensively improve governance capabilities starting from the basic principles and behavioral standards of governance, with a view to providing more effective ethical support for the governance of public health emergencies.

Reflection on Civic Moral Responsibility in Epidemic Prevention and Control from the Perspective of Public Health Ethics / 中国医学伦理学

Public health ethics considered that citizens have moral responsibilities at three levels of individual, society and nation in maintaining public health. In the epidemic prevention and control, civic responsibility performing faces ethical conflicts between individual rights and public good, such as individual freedom and government intervention, individual health and anti-epidemic, individual need satisfaction and social equity, individual responsibility performing and mechanism barriers. In response to these ethical conflicts, precise measures should be taken from the four levels of the country, government, society and citizens: the state should establish and improve legal norms and emergency mechanism of public health ethics, the government should strengthen public health value guidance and emergency capability, the society should improve the cognition and practice level of public health ethics, and citizens should correctly recognize the relationship between individual rights and public good in public health. It is of great significance for removing obstacles for citizens to fulfill their responsibilities and creating a good environment to fulfill their responsibilities.

Research Progress of Patients’ Ethical Responsibility for Seeking Medical Treatment / 中国医学伦理学

Based on the background of the inevitable requirements of improving patients’ personal health ethical responsibility in the construction of a healthy China, the urgent requirement of emphasizing patients’ ethical responsibility for respecting doctors in the construction of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship, and the need to improve patients’ public health ethical responsibility, it is of great practical significance to study patients’ ethical responsibility for seeking medical treatment. By combing the papers of patients’ ethical responsibility at home and abroad, the ethical responsibility of patients for seeking medical treatment was summarized as the responsibility to protect their own life and health, respect and understand medical staff, safeguard the interests of other patients and social public, rationally accept the effect of diagnosis and treatment, and respect and abide by relevant medical laws and regulations and hospital rules and regulations. At present, the limitations of domestic and foreign research on patients’ ethical responsibility for seeking medical treatment mainly include the theoretical system is not yet perfect, the empirical research is still insufficient, and the practice and transformation path of patients’ ethical responsibility education for seeking medical treatment need to be constructed, and so on. It is expected to provide useful reference for the follow-up research to improve the theoretical system of patients’ medical ethical responsibility, explore responsibility education and practice paths, and improve patients’ awareness of medical responsibility.

Research Progress of Patient Ethical Responsibility Education / 中国医学伦理学

Educating patients to correctly recognize and fulfill their health ethical responsibilities is an important basis for maintaining individual health, constructing a harmonious doctor-patient relationship, and building a healthy China. By combing the domestic and foreign papers on patient ethical responsibility education, this paper summarized the educational elements of patient ethical responsibility education, including the educational subject, educational object, educational content, and educational path. At present, there are limitations in the research on patient ethical responsibility education both domestically and internationally, such as incomplete theoretical system, insufficient empirical research on the transformation from theory to practice, and the lack of educational effectiveness evaluation tools. It is expected to provide useful reference to improve the theoretical system of patient ethical responsibility for future research on patient ethical responsibility education, explore the path of ethical responsibility education and practice, and formulate effective tools for evaluating the effectiveness of ethical responsibility education, and improve patients’ awareness and performance of ethical responsibility.

Exploration of the Autonomy Issues in Addiction Treatment / 中国医学伦理学

Addiction is a state of chronic neurological dysfunction with repetitive and compulsive behavior as the main manifestation. One of the characteristics of this state is that addicts have significantly reduced autonomy for compulsive behaviors. The emergence of addictive behavior is based on the impaired autonomy of addicts, so the assessment of their condition, prognosis, and related moral responsibility are all related to their autonomy. By exploring whether the treatment of addicts should be based on autonomy as the core indicator to evaluate whether they can end treatment, and exploring the debate on addicts’ autonomy based on the disease model and moral model of addiction, it is believed that whether addicts have autonomy cognition is influenced by the causes of addiction. Furthermore, the issue of moral responsibility of addicts after treatment termination and the quantitative feasibility of autonomy were discussed, and it was advocated to determine the moral responsibility after addiction treatment based on their autonomy.

Research on the Ethical Dilemmas of Nursing Robots Assisted Home-based Elderly Care: Based on Value Sensitive Design Theory / 中国医学伦理学

With aging population becoming increasingly prominent, more intelligent, integrated, and anthropomorphic nursing robots are becoming an important option for future home-based elderly care. However, a series of ethical dilemmas may arise when nursing robots that provide long-term services participate in the social life of the elderly as social entities. For example, the encroachment of low-level interaction between humans and nursing robots on the high-level interaction between humans, as well as the dispute over the definition of responsibility caused by unclear moral subjects. The value sensitive design theory advocates incorporating value into technical design, and based on its conceptual research, empirical research, and iterative approach, it can be found that the fundamental reason for the above-mentioned ethical dilemma lies in the confusion and dislocation of the ternary nursing relationship among human caregivers, the elderly, and nursing robots. Accordingly, this paper proposed to clarify the user status of the elderly and human caregivers, while nursing robots serve as auxiliary tools to meet the nursing needs of the elderly, protect and enhance the well-being of the elderly.

The Development of Cyborg Technology and Its Ethical Challenges / 中国医学伦理学

Cyborg technology aimed to repair or enhance various capabilities of human beings and brings infinite possibilities for the future and development of human beings. However, it has generated a series of ethical problems in the aspects of human nature change, responsibility attribution, equality and justice, autonomy and so on. In the face of these severe ethical challenges, it was necessary to further improve the ethical governance mechanisms of Cyborg technology research and development, that is, adhere to the concept of people-oriented development, resort to limited responsible innovation, and strengthen ethical review and supervision.